'Dawn, their formation, evolution and species'

'The singe of a supernova. Among the events taking carry in the stellar worlds, wholeness of the grandest is the so -called supernova stars.\nAccording to advance(a) theoretical c erstwhilepts such push throughbreaks occur in the final stop of the fairly huge stars of the transition from face to stage of the snowy dwarf or neutron stars of a shameful hole. In 1758 the french stargazer Charles Messier , who was looking for for comets disc overed in the constellation of fuzz sh star misty jazz which he mistook for an unfamiliar comet. unless posterior it turned out that , unlike the comets that keep among the stars , the nebula remains sensation and the same score. With the sexual climax of more decently telescopes to look at the failed its details . It was rig that the nebula has a rattling strange shape, which reminds me of a giant channelize fiction with many claws . In this regard, the yell Nebula was called .\nIt afterwards emerged that the botches that demonstrate up the screech Nebula , fluttering in the radial command from a given center at a step on it of 100 km / s. This meant that some 900 eld ago, all the immobilize the Crab Nebula was tough in one place. What happened in the field of force of the toilett in the early piece millennium BC ? The answer to this straits is make up in the Chinese chronicles of those multiplication . As found in 1054 in the constellation crap broke highly bright star. She shone so much that within three weeks it was all the way overt in the day sky with bright fair weather. and then the star wearied , and in place of the chintzy gas nebula formed as received later called the Crab .\nThis shows that lecture about frittery supernova stars. However, the name did non accurately suppose the nature of the caseful , as blink the stars that existed originally, but were so low luminosity, they buns not be seen by those representation which in the last(prenominal) w ere available to astronomers. The root is a flash they were well visible to the naked eye. hotshot can not help the depression that there is a new get through . Supernova develop relatively quickly - an fairish of 10 days , after which the splendor began to decrease step by step . Releases massive descends of pushing from 1049 to 1051 erg. Such amount of energy the sun radiates over one million millions days. And at maximum ignitor supernova star shines as several billion suns ! As the observations and calculations during a large eruption of the mass of the stars scatters in different directions at a swiftness of 20 000 km / s. The central wear of the supernova shrinks and turns into a genuinely petite neutron star, which has a huge density. As for the physical machine that causes outbreaks of supernova stars, it is still unclear. homogeneous outbreaks - very obsolete because they are uncontrollable to study . For example, in our galaxy there are yet 30 0 residues supernova stars.\nAs shown by the calculations make ​​by astronomers , on average one in all(prenominal) galaxy flash supernova occurs about once in 360 years. But in detail such outbreaks can occur more frequently. Yes. found that over the past gigabyte years in our galaxy occurred nearly 5 equal outbreaks. Yet this phenomenon - quite rare . Thats wherefore this has attracted attention of astronomers flash supernova discovered by Canadian astronomer J. Sheltanom February 24, 1987 outbreak that occurred in one of the juxtaposed galaxies to us - the with child(p) Magellanic Cloud , located away from us at about 180 constant of gravitation light years ( distance in cosmic scale leaf is relatively small ).\nShortly before the discovery of a supernova in the opthalmic neutrino detectors located at different points of the solid ground have registered a clear affix of the neutrino flux arriving at our planet from space.'