Movies and cultural influences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movies and cultural influences - Essay ExampleWith the sudden urbanization on a large outdo, the ordinary factory workers in the city became psychologically isolated, though they were in the midst of a huge mass of urban population. This stake was further aggravated by the arrival and assimilation of a large number of immigrants, most of whom were not English speaking, and from a different cultural background. With conviction and money at their disposal due to the rising affluence, the urban workers needed to find avenues for entertainment. They still could not afford to attend entertainment shows such as music performances, theater plays etc.The invention of the moving picture towards the end of the nineteenth century, suited this demand perfectly. This amazing novelty captured the imagination of the common man. This strong point had several advantages over other forms of entertainment. It was cheap. It could be copied, transported, and staged simultaneously at several places. I nitial silent movies had no language barrier, and hence had a familiar appeal. The earlier movie producers, mostly jews, Italian or greek immigrants who could not get in the mainstream industrial workforce, but were nonetheless hungry for success, utilized these advantages to disembowel a huge audiences and make maximum profits. Nickelodeon theaters, with shabby seating arrangements inside, and crude and gaudy posters outside, sprang up throughout the cities and veritable(a) countryside. Some owners included unwashed and objectionable meaning in their movie shows. The dark environment inside the theatre was also found to foster unsocial and immoral activities. Cultural traditionalists saw, in this movement, a potential to corrupt the minds of the young generation and a threat to the moral society. This commercial am use upment activity was directly in contrast to playgrounds, libraries, domesticate recreation centers, church sponsored recreation, which were considered to be th e conserving moral agencies of a respectable society. Large scale criticism of the uncontrolled commercialism, as regards to movies, ultimately led to stricter theater regulations and even a temporary closure of all the movie houses in New York in 1908.Susequently, the movie men fought and won legal battles with the administration against this action, but with a clear message, that some form of regulation was needed. The first comprehensive law in the United States, regulating movie theaters was enacted in 1913, banning objectionable content such as vaudeville acts, enforcing the provision of better amenities inside the theaters etc. Movies and advertisementThe success of the industrial revolution, which started around the middle of the nineteenth century, was a collective result of several factors acting simultaneously in a complementary manner. The practical application of technological innovations, like telephony and telegraphy, effective use of electricity development of transpo rt systems, and development of mechanized assembly lines greatly helped the economic growth of the American society as a whole. This further render the demand, not only for technology based products by the industries, but also for consumer based products and services by the masses. The Cycle of demand and growth prompted the manufacturers towards large scale production of goods. At the same time, these manufacturers had to compete with each other for maximizing their market share in the fully

Office Automation and Group Collaboration Software Essay Example for Free

Office Automation and Group Collaboration Software EssayNowadays, in the modern disdain world, Office Automation Software include calendar and scheduling, call accounting and management, data entry, electronic mail management, fax management, and forms management parcels. On the other hand, Group Collaboration Software include group calendar, groupware solution, mailing list management, messaging solution, teleconferencing, video web conferencing, and web discussion system software system. However, the uses of aforementi peerlessd software in most of the offices vary with respect to the requirements and the environment of the pipeline operation.Office Automation Software select become an essential part of any work organization. As a matter of fact, word processing programs like Microsoft Word have replaced typewriters and paper-based work is being performed in database programmes. For instance, Employees attendance records and periodical inventory sales reports are u seful operations which are being accomplished using automation software. On the other hand, group collaboration software adds value to business with respect of sentence management. This software accommodates business representatives to collaborate and nourish their colleagues views and ideas on different occasions.In this article, I will describe the uses of these software and analyze their advantages and disadvantages In my organization, there are 40 employees and all of them use Office Automation Software for the timely and accurate completion of their duties. In addition to that, most of the time we also use group collaboration software to solve a particular problem or we use it art object analyzing sales, evaluating inventory, holding online meetings, etc. exposure Conferencing Software Video conferencing system uses a room system in most of the offices. It allows its users to progress to a solicitation from the template that has already been created by someone.Consequentl y, it allows bidders to make or replace their bid in an electronic format, saves time, helps users who want to place or change their bid from their residence or offices, and saves money which might have been spent on traveling. A major disadvantage of this software is that in complex situations, while users bid on this platform, secret information may get leaked. Electronic Mail Electronic mail has replaced postage in every organization. Email software allows billions of users to communicate fastly and cheaply as compared to postage. In business offices, netmail has changed the whole phenomena of communication.Office colleagues thunder mug communicate directly both inside and outside the organization in a short period of time. Emails also allow a user to send or receive multiple documents with attachments of shows or folders. On the other hand, you may lose data which is saved in your email account or your email account can be hacked by someone else resulting in an unauthorized u se of your account and the leakage of your private business information. Furthermore, if you send some wrong information in your email, it cannot be taken back. Web Conferencing SoftwareWeb conferencing software enables multiple users to arrange an online meeting in order to solve particular problems or to discuss particular matters related to business operation. Web conferencing has completely changed the concept of meetings in the way that you can discuss many things online and solve your problems from anywhere. Consequently, it saves the time of business executives. The only disadvantage of web conferencing is that some problems cannot be solved on web conferencing since the physical presence of employees creates a different environment of mutual understanding and cooperation and gives a sense of closeness.Word Processing Software Nowadays, word processing software has become mandatory software for every organization. Before the invention of this software, the work associated wit h this nature was done by the typewriter and it was time-consuming. Following are the advantages and disadvantages of this software. (1) It is easier to make changes to your document.You can move, change, delete, save, and format all your ideas in one handy file. (2) It frees you to express ideas more clearly and to let your thoughts flow because anything can be changed or deleted later. 3) It allows you to organize all your work or ideas together in a file. Instead of deleting paragraphs that do not seem to fit an assignment, you can move them to the end of the file where they can be used later or in another project. (4) It is easy to share and store word processing files electronically. The only disadvantage associated with this software is that you may lose your data while working due to sudden electric power failure. (Advantages) Call Accounting and Management SoftwareSince its invention, call accounting software has been adopted by more or less 90% of the established and non-e stablished organizations because of its accuracy and cost effectiveness. A good call accounting software tracks and records various calls of clients and business partners, facilitates client support management by saving all telephonic data, tracks call timing, and so on . Thus, by taking an analysis of its calls, an organization can easily know about its remarkable customers records and orders.This practice creates a good business environment across the organization. However, the only disadvantage of this software is, if the operator did not create a backup file and an error occurred in the software, data may be lost. Group Calendar Software Group calendar software allows you to organize your critical business events and meetings concord to the incisions, locations, projects, and time. Having group calendar software online, your employees and business partners can easily arrange a meeting by keeping in mind their work detail and availability of time.Web based group calendars pro vide a cost effective solution without the anxieties and cost inherent with supporting complex in-house calendar system. in that respect is no software to install no server to maintain ever plus group calendar tools are a perfect solution for promptly expanding projects or distributed work forces. (group calendar) Time and Attendance Software By using time and attendance software, we can easily save time of our payroll department employees. Time and attendance software automatically record and keep check-in and check-out timings of employees without delay.This software also makes it possible to calculate wages and salaries of workers and employees. Moreover, it provides complete details of attendance and check-in and check-out times to the payroll department that saves time. In addition to that, it is completely secure and can be accessed form different departments of an organization. However, occurrence of an error can create problems because this is the only place where employee s records are kept. Conclusion Finally, computer software made it possible to run business operations more effectively and accurately.In todays global world, computers have become a major part of every business organization because of their cost effectiveness and they also surface the way for every business organization to excel upon others by using them. Both Office Automation Software and Group Collaboration Software call forth the business activities and make it possible for the employees to save precious time and money of the organization. Some software like call recording software adds value to customer services and creates an excellent platform to keep records of their clients which increases organizational goodwill.

This is England Essay Example for Free

This is England EssayThis is England is about a 12-year-old boy named Shaun. He lives in England and is bullied in/at school. He lives alone with his bugger off because his dad died in war. star day he meets a multitude of skinheads who wants him to join their group. Even though Shaun is young, he is not afraid of the skinheads. He joins the group and quickly becomes their favorite member. Shaun has probably been forced to act older than he is, because of his dads early death. In the movie he makes out with an older girl, goes to skinhead meetings, and joins the flag-waving(a)s, which each(prenominal) is unusual for such a young boy.He easily gets influenced by the apparent friendliness from the group. Woody is the leader of the skinhead group. He is the one who welcomes Shaun and teaches him how to be a real skinhead. In the beginning he is a role model to Shaun and he helps him to deal with his problems. Woodys girlfriend Lol helps him too. She cuts his hair, and is being really tenuous to him. Woody and Lol are like a substitute sky pilot and mother to him. Finally Shaun has a sense of belonging somewhere. The skinheads is a group of community who really care about him.Especially when he meets Smell, he finds out what it feels like to be in love. Milky is another member of the group. He is the just black person and when Combo shows up that causes him troubles. Combo is a skinhead too, who has been to prison for the last couple of years. He has now returned, and wants the other members of the group to join the nationalist movement and protest against the war. Combo has some racist views, and when he starts talking bad about the blacks no one in the group stands up for Milky. The group split up, and Shaun chooses to join Combos group together with 3 others.Combo is now his new role model, and he uses the death of Shauns father to convince him that what they are doing is right. Shaun is manipulated and cannot see how far out he is before it is too late. They rob a little store, threaten people and paint graffiti. One day Combo and Milky smokes crack, and suddenly Combo burst out with anger and starts hitting Milky. He gets badly wounded and is taken to hospital. Shaun realizes that what they are doing is wrong. He talks to his mother about how they both miss his father.He throws out the Union Jack flag which Combo has given him, which is a symbol of the facts that he is now done with the skinheads. Somehow, the whole thing has helped Shaun to deal with his grieve. Even though he misses his dad, he finds out that there is more in life than victorious revenge. He steps of the illegal path he has been following and decides to become a proper person. His intention was never to hurt anyone, because he knows what it feels like to be hurt. A chapter of his life is over and done with, and a brand new one is about to be written.

Association football and soccer Essay Example for Free

Association foot dinner gown and soccer Essaysoccer is the domain of a functions well-nigh frequent brag. It is the rural areaal sport of virtually European and Latin-American countries and many an new(prenominal)(prenominal) other nations. Millions of passel in more than 140 countries play soccer. Soccer is one of the most famous international sports. at that place are three distinct reasons that soccer is so widely popular. I- Soccer is a relatively easy game to require and play. II- It provides many physical benefits and III- Has the faculty to benefit nuances by bringing countries together. I- Soccer is an easy game to learn. Many children steert to play the game around the divisions of three.Actually, as soon as most kids learn to walk they learn to kick a ball around which is a key component of soccer. rattling little equipment is needed to play soccer. This adds to its accessibility to the masses. All that is needed to play the game of soccer is a soccer b all, shin guards, and addressie equipment. A soccer game may be played either indoors or outside. It is played on a rectangular field with a object light up on each short side of the field. A soccer aggroup is comprised of 11 players. All players must hit the ball with their feet or body and still the goalie is allowed to touch the ball with his or her hands.A soccer game begins with a kick off en the center of the field. A coin is flipped to set which team will kickoff. The other team kicks of at the start of the second half. At this time the teams also switch sides or nets. After a team scores the other team gets to kickoff to begin play again. The kickoff takes place in the middle of the field. When the ball is kicked it must travel the circumference of the ball and touch another player before the kicker can touch the ball again. After the ball is in play it remains in play unless it crosses a goal line or a touch line.All players attempt to stop the ball from coming in the re zone while at the same time trying to score a goal. A player may kick the ball into the net with any part of the body draw the hands and arms. If the ball goes out of bounds the play is restarted with a corner kick, a goal kick, or a throw-in. The referee decides what type to make use of. If the ball crosses the goal line and the defensive team touched it snuff it then there is a corner kick by the offense. If the offense touches the ball last and crosses the goal line then it is a goal kick. A throw in happens when the ball crosses the touch line.When it crosses the touch line the team that did not touch it last throws the ball in bounds. The ball is thrown everywhere their head with two hands. Fouls are called when a player does not obey the rules and acts unsportsman deal. When a foul is called the icy team receives a either a penalty kick, a direct free kick or and indirect free kick. Although, it may sound complex, rattling young children are able to learn the game qui te comfortably. II- Soccer is a good sport to play if you like to stay physically fit. There are many exercises that are required for the soccer player to be at their peak performance.Exercises that strengthen your legs and improve flexibility are standard. Physical instruct is important if you plan on being good at soccer. Here are five important exercises I will discuss that are ideal for soccer 1. Running running helps to improve cardiovascular fitness. In soccer there is lots of running for the ball so endurance and a further is a must. 2. Leg Extension using weights can help strengthen the legs. Using weights makes you kick harder and makes the ball travel farther as a pass you drop dead a better player. 3.Leg Machines exercising all muscles in the leg makes you kick harder and pr neverthelessts injury when you are diving all over for the ball. The cockeyed muscles help prevent injuries. 4. Str etc.ing stretching allows you to be more flexible. Sometimes soccer players n eed to kick the ball in the most awkward positions. flexibly helps the player to kick the ball in those positions more effectively. 5. Weight Training all around weight training makes a soccer player even better. A stronger body helps prevent injury and improve all around performance.Practice helps the soccer player become more skillful and physically fit. Soccer drills like dribbling the ball and head butting add to a players endurance and physical agility. Soccer can be a very demanding sport. A players strength, flexibility, and boilersuit physical condition is put to the test. Soccer players are able to stay healthy, strong, and obtain life long fitness due to their preparation and participation in the game. Another added benefit is the stress relief that is found in participating in a strenuous sport such as soccer. III- Lastly, soccer has the ability to be a great unifier.Soccer can be a unifier of countries, their people, and spirit. In every society and culture, there are ma ny things in habitual and many differences but there is one thing that links us all. The link is the world of sports. Sports are a way of life in many nations and cultures. There are many types of sports, but there is one sport that is known in every corner of the world. This sport is soccer. Soccer is a sport that is played in every continent in the world it is the one and only sport without borders. Millions of people watch soccer, which is why people know other cultures.I am from Pakistan. Our national game is field hockey, but everybody prefers to watch cricket. I remember in the year 1992 when Pakistan won the first and only world cup of cricket. Everybody praised the team because they were the heroes of the nation. After two years, in 1994, Pakistan had four world cups in four different sports field hockey, cricket, snooker and squash. After that, Pakistan never won another world cup in any sport till now. In the 1999 cricket world cup final Pakistan suffered a humiliating s hoot down by the Australians that disheartened the people.After a bad 2003 world cup performance, Pakistanis took less interest in cricket and took more interest in soccer. right away days most people prefer to watch soccer, even though Pakistan does not have a soccer team that plays an international game. Why do I like soccer? The main reason is the passion and the thrill of the game. Millions of soccer fans like me like soccer because of tactics how the player tackles ball, how they make moves, how they use skills. The more skillful the soccer player the better. Thats my life experience. Now I watch soccer more than cricket.It takes less time to watch and it is an arouse game. My cousins and friends are also fans of soccer. We are all fans of different teams and players. We all watch mostly European Leagues such as English Premier League, UEFA Cup etc. Why those leagues? We prefer these leagues because the clubs pay high prices to buy world class players to play for the clubs. T hose leagues play every year. We have a craze for soccer. When we watch games how we curb the team or players we like, wearing the shirts, shouting and even praying for them. Soccer has the ability to unifyus as a people, to unify our hearts and minds. When I was over there, and even here, when I talk to someone we always talk about soccer.My opinion is that soccer affects the Pakistani culture very much. How does soccer affect the culture of the United States? Outside the United States and Canada the game of soccer is called football. Soccer is very popular among American youth and has the most professional players out of any nation in the world. Chuck Klosterman in George Will vs Nick Hornby writes Soccer will soon become part of the fabric of this country and will be as popular as any other game here. According to the Soccer Industry Council of America, soccer is the No. 1 youth participation sport in USA. There are more than 3. 6 million players under the age of nineteen regist ered to play and that number has been expanding at over 8 percent a year since 1900. Those are going to be a fans, players, referees, coaches etc. for the future of United States Soccer. His favor is a critic. Klosterman criticizes soccer in George Will vs Nick Horby. He says we will never care about soccer in United States because soccer is inherently un-American, is it Outcast Culture.He also mentions is most that children do not love soccer. Most youth soccer players end up joining the debate team before they turn fifteen. Youth do not like soccer the way it is played. He compares soccer with baseball. Baseball is most common sport played by youths. He wonders why we care that soccer is the most popular game on the earth and is played by millions of people. To love soccer is to say you think in enforced equality more than you believe in the value of competition and the capacity of the human spirit.I disagree with his criticism of soccer because most people like soccer. Why did the soccer star David Beckham come here to teach soccer? Why does America have a soccer team play in almost every terra firma Cup? I agree that soccer is not as common as other games, but still people play soccer here. In fact, the biggest reason for soccers failure in the United States is that it doesnt conform easily to the demands of television. The reason soccer isnt as popular in the US is not because it isnt physical enough. I play and I know for certain that it is, and I utilize to live in US.I just recently moved to Pakistan in Asia. I used to watch soccer all the time, of course it was international soccer, but I watched it on ESPN sports. Soccer hasnt reached its peak in the US, to be frank. I see people beginning to take interest in it. Of course, the most unrecognized form of soccer is womens soccer, but that is a different subject all together. The reason is because the major US sports Baseball, Football (Rugby) , Basketball seasons take up the entire year. I think t here may be 1-2 days in a year where none of the sports is played.Also, the major sports cover everything that soccer does, scoring in a net NBA, physical roughness NFL Football, hitting an object MLB. The major US sports had already established themselves in the US, so there is not really a good entry point for soccer. In conclusion, you can see that I am crazy about soccer. It is a sport that is very easy to learn and takes very little money to participate in. It is a sport that can easily get a person into top physical shape and develop life long fitness. But most importantly, it is a sport that allows many countries to become unified through their love of the game. That is why I love soccer.

Nuclear pollution

Nuclear pollutionAny undesirable effect caused to the environment due to radioactive substances or radiations is c wholeed atomic pollution.Major source is the Nuclear position plants. If traces of the radioactive substances are present in the water that is released from the plant, it will cause thermonuclear pollution. Emission of radiations dejection also cause this kind of pollution.It affects almost all life forms in the surrounding environment. From planktons to Human beings nothing is spared. To be more specific, the radiations can cause mutations that lead to cancer, and the dose of radiation or the level of pollution determines lethality or how deadly it is.However, nuclear pollution is extremely hazardous in nature. It occurs as a result of nuclear explosions that are performed while conducting nuclear tests. These nuclear tests are carried out to invent better nuclear weapons. The explosions cause release of 15 to 20% radioactive material into the stratosphere. On ente ring this layer, they start locomote into the earths atmosphere. This fall can take any where from 6months to several years. 5% of these radioactive particles enter troposphere, which is the lowest layer of the atmosphere.The smallest particles of the radioactive material are called fallout. The fallout settles on the leaves of plants and trees. These leaves are eaten by the grazing animals. Radioactive material now enters the ecosystem. Humans consume these particles through the process of food chain. Serious health problems now arise. pulmonary tuberculosis of radioactive material can lead to cancer and genetic mutation in humans. Fallouts that do not drop on leaves accumulate over the sea. This can be harmful for the sea life, which ultimately affects the humans.It isnt necessary that only nuclear power stations cause nuclear pollution. Even different industries, not think to nuclear power production, can also contri furthere to it. Coal has small amounts of radioactive mater ial in the form of uranium and thorium. These do not cauterise completely and become part of fly ash. Even while producing oil and gas, radium and similar elements are released in to the air.Radioactive contamination or nuclear pollution is the most dangerous for the environment since the ravages maintain their radioactive properties for thousands of years. There is no way to have them assimilated in the soil, the water or the air in the initial form. Reprocessing is the only solution we have to limit the extent of nuclear pollution and clean the planet from such increasingly harmful residues. The highest likelihood of radioactive elements reaching in open environment is by accident during the transportation to the reprocessing plants located in some parts of the globe. Reprocessing in itself causes other pollution problems adding other risks to an already fragile environment condition.Presently, no country has efficiently solved the issue of nuclear pollution in terms of radioact ive risky storage. all state would like to send the residues to some other place and be rid of them, while no truly viable conclusion is reached. Storage facilities as such require highly intransigent security and safety rules, periodical checks and regular updates on the storage environment. A responsible management of the nuclear waste would limit the risk of nuclear pollution on the long term, allowing us to live on a cleaner and safer planet, also pr til nowting the temptation of dumping the waste in the oceans.Nuclear pollution is not the only hazard that comes together with the use of radioactive energy mass populations are jeopardized on a circulating(prenominal) basis if something happens to a reactor, as it was the case with the Russian Chernobyl for instance. There are other energy sources that are still highly effective without the huge risks of nuclear pollution or irradiation geothermal sources, ocean currents, tidal waves, wind and waterfalls, all make alternative p ower solutions that should not be neglected. Environment-friendly electricity is atomic number 53 of the chances this planet has to survive.Fish and ocean plants are highly contaminated due to nuclear pollution Greenpeace has repeatedly signaled out the huge amount of plutonium effluents produced by the nuclear plant on the coasts of England, for instance. Lobsters in the area have been found to be contaminated, hence the effects not only on humans but on the entire ecosystem is devastating. Attempts have been by an American company to even built a radioactive storage facility on Marshall Islands, ignoring the even higher potential threats for nuclear pollution under the circumstances of a growing sea level. Such solutions may appear convenient from a legitimate perspective, but when considered from a wider point of view, irresponsibility is obvious.

The Illusionist Movie Review Film Studies Essay

The Illusionist Movie Review Film Studies EssayThe genre of the movie is drama. It has been unity of the most famous films because of their excellent display good script, directing and clear enough to deliver the message to the audience. The Illusionist Film is produced by Brian Koppelman, David Levien, Michael London, Cathy Schulman,Bob Yari and screen generator/director is by Neil Burger and starring Edward Norton, Jessica Biel, and Paul Giamatti. That movie is based on Steven Millhausers concise story called sEisenheim the Illusionist. The Illusionist movie is right balance to the romance and accredited piece of the witching(prenominal). The story is basically about of Eisenheim who was a magician in turn-of-the-20th-century Vienna.First of all, I would like to tell about the Eisenhemins lifestyle and history. He was the password of a cabinetmaker inAustria-Hungary. One day, he met a travel magician along street. That magician illustrated him some a few magic tricks. Since thus Eisenhemin become obsessed with the magic tricks and started to practice to become better in it. At that time, some battalion believed that Eisenhemin got some special power.Eisenhemin and Sophie were childhood friends and when they grew older they send away in love but Sophes family did not approved of it. After that, Eisenhemin went out to his native town and traveled around the world and started to learn more magic tricks.After 15 years later, Eisenhemin became a famous magician in Vienna. So Crown Prince Leopold came to see his illusionist. In that time, Eisenhemin wanted to scan one of his better(p) illusion tricks. So he requested that he needed one accomplishment to help with his illusion. That is why, Crown Prince made his fiance Sophie volunteered for his performance. By the time, Eisenhemin and Sophie met on demo again both were immediately remember their childhood days.However, The Illusionist is an intense battles of wills between the despicable Prince Leopold and the cunning Eisenheim, with officer Uhl an amateur magician himself and someone fascinated with Eisenheims work stuck in the middle. Is Eisenheim calling on supernatural powers when he makes butterflies appear out of thin air, plants grow to full height in the space of spotless minutes, or performs other extraordinary tricks onstage, or is it all smoke and mirrors? Uhl seeks answers to the source of Eisenheims powers while delicately balancing his admiration for the magician with his duty to the Crown Prince.At a royal Eisenheim takes the princes sword, balances it on its tip on the floor, evokes the myth of Excalibur and invites soldiers in the audience to remove it. The prince succeeds, but only after Eisenheim lifts the spell.Eisenheim though about his bracing kind of magic show and he prepare for some equiment and purchases a run-down theater and opens a new performance. During his show, apparently spirits, on the stage. However people believe that he had supernature po wers. In those days, Price Leopold heard that news, he was so disguise. During his show, he summons the spirit of Sophie who says someone in the theater murdered her, panicking Leopold. posterior that Uhl has to shop that show and he just to do to make prince orders to rrest Eisenheim during his show but Uhl could not rest Esienheim because his body fades and disappears like his summoned spirits.So that why, Edward Norton was good performance as a master of illusionist and he is a calm reserve for the most part, yet is able to unleash playfulness when its called for specifically in the scenes when hes showing off his magical talents on stage and he also make tricks and rescuers for his lover Sophie and he is good treatment for Inspeter Uhl. It was so good presentation for scene by scene.As a conclusion, the Illusionist movie is really good performance, excellent Actor and Actress and nice screen play, good story table and so on. Other best way is that movie using a muted color is like a brown color and we just hunch over about to wear 19th century old fashion style and we just know characteristic of in 19th century. The film was nice cinematography, costumes and boilers suit tone helped modern audiences forget its 2006. The film is amazing job of transporting its view back in time to 1900 in Vienna. Moreover, the effects support for magic show and sound effect make it more interesting for the whole movie. All of all, the good thing is a 2 hrs script converted from a short interesting story as well.

Organisational Dynamics The Times Of India Business Essay

Organisational Dynamics The Times Of India Business EssayThe Times of India is a daily, English language broadsheet of India. It has been informed as being the most selling and widest circulated English daily in the world by the Audit Bureau of Circulation. The average circulation of The Times of India for the year 2010 was 34.3 lakh copies.The Times of India has a readership of 70.3 lakh readers daily, as per the Indian Readership Surveys 2010 figures. It is hence the top English daily in India in end points of readership as well.The Times of India has been in existence since 1838, when it was established as the Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce, headquartered in Mumbai. In the mid(prenominal)-19th century, it was renamed as The Times of India.After independent, the newspaper passed into the hands of the Dalmiya family, and later went to the Sahu Jain family, who argon the current owners. Todays The Times of India is published by Bennett, Coleman and Company Limited (BCCL). T his media house wishwise publishes various other(a) newspapers, such as Economic Times, Mumbai Mirror, Maharashtra Times, etc. glossiness of Times of IndiaGiven below is the stopping point of Times of India newspaper is described based on interviews conducted with employees of the organization.Bureaucratic It is ga at that sayd from these interviews that TOI is a bureaucratic organization. There be formalised rules, procedures and processes in place to manage the governing. The division of roles is formal and complete. There be understandably defined hierarchies as well, with a clear line of authority. This is in the start-off place because it is a big governing body, and having comm hardly established practises manages managing it easier.Less pr paysity to risk taking The organization does non believe in taking big risks, or chances that could mar the image of the organization. The employees are encouraged to conform to fixed codes of conduct and play safe, rather than thinking come to the fore of the box. Experimentation is therefore non a part of the organizational culture.Rigidity In keeping with its bureaucratic structure, the organization follows an established and rigid way of functioning. It is hierarchical, and there are strict rules, regulations, codes of conduct and rail line profiles, so that every employee has a very specific job description and the areas of overlap are as well defined. Hence, there is very little room to let in for individual sheaths or issues that the employee may go for. This rigidity to a fault kick ins the boldness less open to experimentation or lurch.Individuals, not teams The pee-pee of departments, and within the department, each individual, is clearly outlines. Hence, because every employee has a differentiated job, the decoct is on individual performances and roles rather than a team is an integral part of the organization. Also, most of the jobs are such that only champion psyche lav do them at a time-only one person can write an article, conduct an interview or do a graphic. However, despite this division of labour, the final product should look like one.Ethics held supreme Ethics are valued to a higher place everything else. TOI has a Journalistic write in code of conduct that deals with ethics. Any violations of this code are dealt with severely. The paper has a huge reputation to protect in the market, and its current status is primarily due to this reputation. labour oriented The newspaper industry is laid-backly volatile. Employees readily transplant jobs. The contract system is operational, and hence changing jobs is easy. Further, there are incessantly new media options, and employees have to a greater extent and to a greater extent offers from outside. Hence, the focus at TOI is on the task and not the employee. Essentially, the position and the job are more important than the person occupying the post. This is interestingly seen in the way that the HR ad dresses employees By their designation (position) first, and then their name. This order speaks a crowd.Large ability distance Because the organizational structure is hierarchical, there is a massive baron distance between employees at higher trains and their subordinates. Power at higher levels is acquired through experience, and the ine whole step in power is seen as acceptable. Further, the subordinates almost never interact with their much(prenominal) higher-ups.Conformity The culture is conserving in record as it encourages conformity to already established norms and values. This ties in with other elements of the arrangemental culture as well, to wit focus on playing it safe rather than experimentation and the rigid and bureaucratic structure of the organisation.Less openness There is less openness and opposition within the organization as employees are not very comfortable with expressing themselves to their superiors. Further, the organisational culture encourages that engagements be resolved through diplomacy and tact rather than open confrontation.Confidentiality valued This is excessively an important characteristic of the culture of TOI. Confidentiality and mutual commitments are honoured in the internal and external dealings of the organization. The employees who were interviewed refused to share the evaluation processes that are carried out within the organization.Traditions and rituals TOI, being an old and established organisation, has a lot of traditions. These include all the sameingts such as celebration of festivals such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Holi and Makar Sankrant. The organisation also builds its culture using stories and narrations from the past, which embody the TOI culture.Inter-departmental distance There is a large distance between the departments and also, the various newspaper publications. The chromatography column and clientele sides of the newspaper are constantly in conflict due to their seemingly contrasting ro les.Less governing Unlike most large organisations, TOI does not have a lot of minuscule authorities at play. This is primarily because the promotions happen on basis of seniority and experience in the organisation, and are not subjective. Appraisals also happen through more than one person, and hence are not completely one-sided and prone to bias. Also, since the organisations culture focuses on the profile and not the person, the importance of personal politics is greatly reduced.Autonomy TOI has clearly defined roles and profiles for all its employees hence division of labour is complete. Within their designated roles, employees are given a fairly free hand with rather a lot of autonomy. The editors and superiors are available for consultation or collaboration, but the employees are encouraged to get the work done themselves. They can also make key decisions related to their roles.Information flows freely Due to the large organisational size, employees are not always consulte d in decisions-the decision making happens at the top and is not participatory. Even so, employees are always informed of decisions, events, change that is imminent, etc. TOI, as a media house, has good intra-organisational dialogue channels as well-by means of an intranet, e-fliers, in-house newsletter, etc.TOI cathexis StatementTo be the leading provider of news, by providing timely, accurate and multi-dimensional news. To be the first paper the reader reads today and every day, by delivering consistently high standards of journalism.Functional aspects of cultureOrganisational pride The members of the group fulfil pride in the organisation it gives them a find of identity for organization members. This increases loyalty to the organisation.Less politics This is a running(a) aspect of the culture, because it helps deliver consistently high standards of journalism. Politics often leads to bickering, gossip, formation of factions, partiality, etc. As a result, often the better person is not chosen for a task due to bias in the selection process, or there is unnecessary conflict forming between individuals and groups. High levels of politics make the work environment extremely volatile, and are unwelcoming for new employees. Politics also discounts the importance of good and hard work, merit and dedication, and encourages a culture of power play, schemes and sucking up.Control and uniformity Culture serves as a sense making and control mechanism that guides and shapes the attitudes and behaviour of employees.Autonomy Autonomy is a functional part of the organisational culture because it helps achieve the mission of timely news. Employees are empowered to act autonomously within their designated roles, without the constant interference of their colleagues or superiors. This makes the delivery extremely immediate and efficient, and timely.Diversity and multiple perspectives TOI seeks to be a media mega mart that informs the customer, creates community value , delights the smart shopper, provides cutting-edge solutions to the advertiser, and believes in the magic of the idea.This is ensured by diversity in the employees of the organisation, and helps achieve the multi-dimensional remainder of its mission statement.Regular feedback The employees are given continuous feedback from their superiors. This is extremely motivating, as employees feel their work is being marked / noticed. This motivation will lead to get around and higher quality output. Further, if any employee is delivering quality that is not appropriate of the TOI standards, the feedback mechanism can bring this to his notice. Hence, regular and comprehensive feedback is a suitable manner of ensuring and sustaining quality of the output-consistently high standards of journalism.Ethics TOI insists on very high ethical standards. Dodgy and underhand journalistic practises are disallowed and against the organisations culture. This helps maintain the accuracy of the news, as well as ensure its multidimensionality. Because collection of news has been done ethically, accuracy of news is guaranteed. Also, the journalist must speak to all persons involved in the issue, and give a balanced, non bias view. Hence, all dimensions of the issue are considered fairly.Free flow of information within the organisation Information flows freely in TOI. There are good intra-organisation communication channels, such as the intranet, newsletters, etc. Hence, employees are always kept up-to-date closely the managements decisions and imminent changes. This has a positive, binding effect on the organisation, and inculcates a sense of oneness in the employees. Feelings of alienation are averted. This improves the individuals loyalty to the organisation and dedication to their job, which again positively affects the output.Dysfunctional Aspects of cultureInterdepartmental discordance There seems to be discordance between the different departments of the organisation, especia lly the business and editorial departments. This is a dysfunctional aspect of the culture, because both emergency to work together to achieve the best practicable output. Both are dependent on each other, and none can work in isolation. Mutual understanding will ensure a more harmonious relationship and overarching organisational unity.Large power distance The hierarchical structure is fairly rigid. Hence, the set nearly levels do not interact with the higher levels at all. This can lead to a sense of alienation. The higher-ups may be out of tune with the prevailing problems or mood at the unhorse organisational level. The large power distance can affect the organisations cohesiveness.Low scope for experimentation TOI does not really encourage experimentation, preferring that employees play safe and stick to tried-and-tested options. This is an age of change and media explosion. If TOI wants to inhabit in these times, it is necessary that it inculcate a sense of experimentatio n and risk taking. This will help it remain the first paper that the reader reads, because even the reader wants novelty and something new.Limited learning TOI does not really recognise achievements of its employees formally and publically. Informal feedback and praise by the superiors does happen. But formally, it does not. To motivate employees and get from them the best possible output, it is necessary to recognise them publically as well.Rigidity Rigidity comes through the prevailing bureaucracy. This acts as a barrier to change. Consistency of behaviour is an asset to an organisation when it faces a stable environment, however it can burden the organisation and make it difficult to respond to changes in the environment.Lower levels are intimidated to make intimations close to of the best suggestions in corporate history have come from those in the lower hierarchies, simply because they deal with the paper and the target audience on a direct basis. However, the lower level em ployees at TOI often feel intimidated to make suggestions to the higher ups, because of the size and history of the organisation. There is no easy, fast-tracked system to make suggestions without going through the hierarchy. This means that the newspaper is not as good as it could be, because there may be some excellent suggestions which have not been heard yet.Role, rather than person oriented culture Over-emphasis on the role rather that the person performing the role makes the employee less loyal to the organisation. TOI withdraws to set down building better relationships with its employees, so as to retain them. Constant turnover of employees affects the organisations stability and may lead to reduced quality of output. Further, employees motivation levels will be higher if the organisation culture starts focussing on the person as well.Action Plan for changeWe have adopted the Kotters eight-step plan for implementing changes and improving the work culture of Times of India by doing away with the dysfunctional aspects of the internal working of the organisation.measure 1 Theres a need to create urgency for change among the employees. hoi polloi tend to procrastinate and let things be as they are if not made to realize a need for urgent changes. For that, we need to give them a genuine reason that compels them change. As we have listed down in the dysfunctional elements, we need to bring these to the notice of employees to evoke an urge for change in them.Essentially, the employees of TOI need to realise that these are all dysfunctional elements, and the manner in which each of these is having a negative impact on them and well as the entire organisation.This can be done by organising a large meeting of the employees and the management, where the Chairman or any such respected and distinguished individuals lays out the dysfunctional elements and asks for the employees devotion to organisational change. The Chairman should also outline how times have bec ome very competitive, and that it is only on changing these negatives that the paper will continue to grow from might to strength.Step 2 One needs to form a conjunction with adequate power to lead the change. In any real time organization, there would be advocates as well as opponents of change. Hence it becomes important to convince enough slew for change that one is able to form a compaction that drives the whole process of change. One person cannot bring about a change he can only show the direction.Hence, TOI could form a coalition consisting of a cross section of employees, management representatives, etc. These should represent all the various publications, departments and also all hierarchical levels. The coalition should be powerful enough to bring about the change, have respected members so employees believe in it, and also represent all sections of the organisation. By including even lower level employees, the change can be inclusive rather than forced.Step 3 It becom es important to create a new vision to direct the change and strategies for achieving the vision. People need to have a reason to support change. If theres no proper vision that directs the efforts for a change, then its like absence of an aim or goal which people might want to achieve.TOI should outline a new vision-a vision of a functional culture, where the existing dysfunctional elements have been reversed. This vision should be one of optimism and inclusion. It should seek the advantages to all the members of the organisation, as well as the paper itself. The vision should at the same time be specific, realistic, achievable and come with a specific timeline for implementation.Step 4 Only creating a new vision would not help until and unless it is communicated throughout the organisation. All the employees in the organisation should know the reason of so much efforts being put in the process to bring about a certain changes. The vision itself might act as a driving work out fo r many who wish to see themselves and the organisation at that level sometime in the future.This vision can be communicated through the organisation using communicative communication channels such as speeches, addresses by the management informally by the superiors to their teams or through the prevailing intra-organisational communication channels such as the in-house magazine, intranet, e-fliers, etc. The role of informal channels such as the grapevine should not be discounted.Step 5 Empowering others to act on the vision also becomes very important. For this, barriers to change should be removed and risk taking and creative problem solving should be encouraged. Like in the case of TOI, we saw that lower level employees are too intimidated to make any suggestions. Thus, these employees need to be empowered and should be listened to, to make the best of their knowledge.Hence, TOI can organise suggestion boxes, or a fast-track suggestion process whereby the lower level employees ca n make their views heard. Focus group meetings or participatory sessions with employees can also be conducted, to involve them in the change. All employees should be encouraged to be dynamic, experimentative, build relationships and understand the working of other departments.Step 6 Short term plans should be given as much importance as dogged term plans. There should be a bribe system for short term wins. This helps to reward people at regular intervals and that acts as a motivating factor for more hard work in future.As we saw in case of TOI that the level of experimentation is very low, the employees should be encouraged to experiment more, and in case of any successful results, they should be awarded suitably.Step7 During the change process, it becomes necessary to consolidate the improvements brought about and reassess the effect of changed on the organisation so that necessary adjustments could be made in the new programs. For example, if the changes made in the internal fun ctioning of TOI are focussed on more team works than individual performances, and if the results of that are not those desired or expected, then necessary changes should be brought about as soon as possible so that the organisation does not suffer through any losses.The HR can also hold sessions that involve members of the business and editorial departments, where they can bond and understand each others roles, so as to reduce conflict. To cement the dynamism in the organisation, and to make the higher-level managers more accessible to the lower level employees, mixers and informal sessions can be organised.Step8 It becomes important to reinforce any change that has brought about a success in the organisation. Hence, the new vision of the organisation should be consistently communicated on every occasion. Short term rewards should be complemented with long term rewards.Interview 1Interview with Pooja Bhaktal, junior copy editor, TOIHow long have you been working at TOI?I have been w orking at TOI for the past eleven months. I joined directly after my graduation this is my first full-time job.Do you enjoy working at TOI?I do enjoy my work. It is a good place to work because there is a lot of history to the organisation it is one of Indias oldest and best known papers.If you have a problem or a suggestion, how comfortable are you to surface your seniors?I am quite comfortable approaching my immediate superior, the senior copy editor. However, beyond that, I am not comfortable approaching the higher-ups. To be honest, the interaction with them is also limited.What has your interaction been with your higher-ups?Well, I was interviewed by the editor-in-chief of TOI. Occasionally, I receive mass mails for them, with certain guidelines or instructions for an on-going project. They sit separately from us they have their own elevator, and even their own dining areas. So meetings are basically chance ones. They do not really mix around at the HR events either. be your s uggestions taken seriously, or even implemented?I have made a few content suggestions to my senior editor, but nothing too big, because I am still fairly new. I think I need to spend some more time and learn many more things before I am in a position to make suggestions. However, if I make a good suggestion, I do think it will be implemented. However, the tailor size and history of the organisation makes it very intimidating for a newcomer.Are there a lot of politics at TOI?Politics are over But the entire water cooler culture is not as much at TOI. I think that is because the organisation is very open with the employees, so there are not too many rumours or opportunities for speculation. We receive constant updates from HR, have our own intranet, have monthly in-house publications, briefings, etc. Also, promotions are stringently made on basis of experience. The evaluation process also seems very fair to me. Hence, the regular bitching-backstabbing routine does not exist here.D oes the organisation encourage you to take risks?Although TOI is trying to change, it is predominantly an old school newspaper. So no, risk taking is not actually part of the culture. We are always encouraged to play safe, even if that may cost u a good opportunity.Does the organisation provide opportunities for employees of different departments to interact?Yes, the HR department often organises events. Recently, we have a in the altogether Years party. We also have celebrations for various festivals, an office picnic every six months, outings, joint training programmes, etc.Is there a lot of inter-departmental conflict or distance?The editorial and the business sides of the paper dont get along all that well, to be honest. Nether actually understands the other. The business wants to maximise profit, sell more ad space, put out news that is popular and will sell. The editorial wants to maintain the quality, keep more articles. Obviously there is bound to be regular tension. Even I deal with this on a daily basis.Does TOI encourage team work or individual work? How are assessments done?The tension is on individual work. Everyone has their own tasks and jobs to be done. Most of these are independent of others, even in the same department / editorial section. I cannot talk about the assessment procedure.Is there a fair amount of autonomy?Autonomy is there, it increases as you climb the ladder. No one interferes with your work the editors are more like guides. You can approach them for help at any time. Once your story has been approved, it is all yours. Collaboration, however, is always available.Does the organisation encourage assertiveness or diplomacy?The focus is on diplomacy. Even if you have a problem with someone, you cannot go tell them directly. It has to be done tactfully. In my opinion, TOI encourages employees to discard their individuality and behave as TOI employees first.Is the organisation people-oriented or job-oriented?I would say job-oriente d. It is a highly dynamic industry, people come and go. The jobs are constant.Do you get regular feedback, recognition for achievements, etc?We get yearly evaluation reports. The organisation does not really give any other recognition or awards. We get regular feedback from our immediate superiors, and occasionally one level above.Are you a part of decision making processes of the organisation?No, employees, especially at the junior levels, are not involved. Thats because it is a very big organisation.Are you consulted or at least properly inform of changes?We are not consulted, but we are informed, usually in good time before the change happens. We also get relevant details and may approach the HR if we do not understand the change or have any miscellany of concerns.How important are ethics and morals in the organisation? Are they more important than results?Ethics are very, very important. We have an Ethics handbook which we must follow at all costs, else risk being fired. This high value on ethics makes the organisation a very good place to work, because we follow the journalistic principles of honesty and integrity in letter and practise. This also translates into our behaviour at the workplace.Interview 2Interview with Gauri Mane, Editor, Time N driftHow long have you been working at TOI?I have been here for about six years, give or take.Do you enjoy working at TOI?I do enjoy working here. Thats why Ive stuck on for so long There is something very honest about this organisation and what it stands for. There is also a lot of scope for growth and opportunities to learn because it is a huge media conglomerate.If you have a problem or a suggestion, how comfortable are you to approach your seniors?As an editor, it is my right and privilege to make suggestions and highlight issues.Are your suggestions taken seriously, or even implemented?Very often. I recently suggested that the website for my paper be revamped, which was approved by the Editorial board.Does the organisation encourage you to take risks?TOI is not really a risk-taking organisation. We are already established as the number one paper hence the need to take crazy risks is minimal. Also, if we take a risk and that does not work out, it means that we are in troubleDoes the organisation provide opportunities for employees of different departments to interact?Yes, the HR organises many such events that are for mixing and meeting.Is there a lot of inter-departmental conflict or distance?The known divide between the editorial and business departments exists too. It is a strange paradox. Both departments want the same objective-the success of TOI. Only the means to achieve them are different. The editorial sells the paper, but the ads sustain the paper. Who is to say which is more important? Sometimes, I feel employees of these two departments do not understand each other, and view each other as competitors rather than collaborators.Does TOI encourage team work or individual wor k? How are assessments done?Most of the work is individually done, that is simply the nature of the work. Plus, journalists are such free souls with strong, diverse views. Often, it is best to let them work individually.Do you not miss out on the advantages of collaboration?Collaboration also happens. No one can produce a full newspaper alone. It is just that the roles are properly divided. Division of labour, so to speak.Does the organisation encourage assertiveness or diplomacy?Diplomacy. The organisation does not like people who kick up the dust or yell themselves hoarse. There is a method to doing things diplomatically, which should be respected. There is no need to shake up the peace of the organisation.Is the organisation people-oriented or job-oriented?The newspaper industry used to be very people-oriented till the mid 1990s. Now it is job-oriented. People fill jobs, and not the other way around. Hard fact but true. Most of us here are on contract, and not employees for a lif etime. If we get a better opportunity elsewhere, we are free to leave. Of course, we do value the employees a lotDo you get regular feedback, recognition for achievements, etc?We have our annual appraisals. I make sure I give my team regular feedback. There is no formal, pan-organisational recognition programme really.Are you consulted or at least properly inform of changes?I am consulted if it affects my paper or department. I am also informed of it properly through authorized channels.How important are ethics and morals in the organisation? Are they more important than results?Ethics are supreme at TOI. We value them above all else. We are a paper of values, morals and ethics. We do not resort to cheap stunts and gimmicks like other papers just for short term wins.